Do employees of the Fed board or regional Feds have any easier time in getting visas, green cards or labor certification? (Is it faster? Is there any less paper work? etc.)
You would think that the US government ought to be quick in certifying jobs in other parts of the US government at least!
And I know there are some special visas and green card categories for certain government employees.
OP, your post is bringing to light just how absurd it is that a government should have some kind of special treatment for foreigners. Really, now that I think about it, it's ridiculous to think that governments hire foreigners at all. I just don't expect that, for instance, the Brazilian government should want to hire me, a non-Brazilian. So instead of griping, show some gratitude.
Short answer: not really, no. Process is basically the same for university, government, and private sector.
The main difference I'm aware is for H1b. Government and universities are exempt from the quotas, private industry is not. Historically the Fed system was usually counted as the government; a few years ago there was a brief period where it was not; it seems to be counted again now.
A slightly more helpful answer would be appreciated!
The federal govt does not hire foreign nationals.
You can, however, be hired as a contractor. Once you become a citizen you can be hired as a federal employee. I do not know if this applies to his at the Fed or regional Feds.